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<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> |
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Manpage of dcraw</TITLE> |
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</HEAD><BODY> |
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<H1>dcraw</H1> |
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Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: February 6, 2008<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A> |
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<A HREF="../index.html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR> |
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|
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|
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A> |
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<H2>NAME</H2> |
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|
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dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos |
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A> |
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2> |
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|
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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[<I>OPTION</I>]... [<I>FILE</I>]... |
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A> |
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2> |
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|
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts thumbnails. |
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A> |
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<H2>GENERAL OPTIONS</H2> |
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|
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<DL COMPACT> |
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<DT><B>-v</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors. |
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<DT><B>-c</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output. |
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<DT><B>-e</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Extract the camera-generated thumbnail, not the raw image. |
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You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera. |
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<DT><B>-z</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Change the access and modification times of an AVI, JPEG, TIFF or raw |
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file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock |
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was set to Universal Time. |
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<DT><B>-i</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Identify files but don't decode them. |
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Exit status is 0 if |
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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can decode the last file, 1 if it can't. |
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<B>-i -v</B> |
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|
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shows metadata. |
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<DT><B></B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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cannot decode JPEG files!! |
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</DL> |
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A> |
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<H2>REPAIR OPTIONS</H2> |
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|
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<DL COMPACT> |
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<DT><B>-P deadpixels.txt</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Read the dead pixel list from this file instead of ".badpixels". |
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See |
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<B>FILES</B> |
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|
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for a description of the format. |
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<DT><B>-K darkframe.pgm</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Subtract a dark frame from the raw data. To generate a |
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dark frame, shoot a raw photo with no light and do |
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<B>dcraw -D -4 -j -t 0</B>. |
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|
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<DT><B>-k darkness</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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When shadows appear foggy, you need to raise the darkness level. |
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To measure this, apply |
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<B>pamsumm -mean</B> |
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|
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to the dark frame generated above. |
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<DT><B>-S saturation</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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When highlights appear pink, you need to lower the saturation level. |
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To measure this, take a picture of something shiny and do |
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<B>dcraw -D -4 -j -c</B> |
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|
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photo.raw |
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<B>| pamsumm -max</B> |
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|
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<DT><B></B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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The default darkness and saturation are usually correct. |
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<DT><B>-n noise_threshold</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use wavelets to erase noise while preserving real detail. |
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The best threshold should be somewhere between 100 and 1000. |
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<DT><B>-C red_mag blue_mag</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Enlarge the raw red and blue layers by the given factors, |
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typically 0.999 to 1.001, to correct chromatic aberration. |
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<DT><B>-H 0</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Clip all highlights to solid white (default). |
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<DT><B>-H 1</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink. |
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<DT><B>-H 2</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Blend clipped and unclipped values together for a gradual fade |
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to white. |
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<DT><B>-H 3+</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Reconstruct highlights. Low numbers favor whites; high numbers |
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favor colors. Try |
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<B>-H 5</B> |
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|
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as a compromise. If that's not good enough, do |
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<B>-H 9</B>, |
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|
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cut out the non-white highlights, and paste them into an image |
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generated with |
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<B>-H 3</B>. |
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|
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</DL> |
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A> |
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<H2>COLOR OPTIONS</H2> |
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|
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By default, |
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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uses a fixed white balance based on a color chart illuminated |
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with a standard D65 lamp. |
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<DL COMPACT> |
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<DT><B>-w</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use the white balance specified by the camera. |
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If this is not found, print a warning and use another method. |
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<DT><B>-a</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Calculate the white balance by averaging the entire image. |
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<DT><B>-A left top width height</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Calculate the white balance by averaging a rectangular area. |
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First do |
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<B>dcraw -j -t 0</B> |
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|
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and select an area of neutral grey color. |
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<DT><B>-r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Specify your own raw white balance. |
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These multipliers can be cut and pasted from the output of |
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<B>dcraw -v</B>. |
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|
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<DT><B>+M</B> or <B>-M</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use (or don't use) any color matrix from the camera metadata. |
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The default is |
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<B>+M</B> |
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|
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if |
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<B>-w</B> |
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|
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is set, |
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<B>-M</B> |
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|
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otherwise. |
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This option only affects Olympus, Leaf, and Phase One cameras. |
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<DT><B>-o [0-5]</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Select the output colorspace when the |
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<B>-p</B> |
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option is not used: |
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<P> |
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<B> 0</B> |
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Raw color (unique to each camera) |
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<BR> |
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<B> 1</B> |
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sRGB D65 (default) |
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<BR> |
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<B> 2</B> |
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Adobe RGB (1998) D65 |
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<BR> |
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<B> 3</B> |
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Wide Gamut RGB D65 |
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<BR> |
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<B> 4</B> |
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|
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Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65 |
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<BR> |
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<B> 5</B> |
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|
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XYZ |
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<DT><B>-p camera.icm</B> [ <B>-o output.icm</B> ] |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace and the |
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desired output colorspace (sRGB by default). |
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<DT><B>-p embed</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo. |
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</DL> |
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A> |
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<H2>INTERPOLATION OPTIONS</H2> |
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|
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<DL COMPACT> |
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<DT><B>-d</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Show the raw data as a grayscale image with no interpolation. |
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Good for photographing black-and-white documents. |
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<DT><B>-D</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Same as |
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<B>-d</B>, |
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but totally raw (no color scaling). |
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<DT><B>-h</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Output a half-size color image. Twice as fast as |
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<B>-q 0</B>. |
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<DT><B>-q 0</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation. |
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<DT><B>-q 1</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation. |
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<DT><B>-q 2</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use Patterned Pixel Grouping (PPG) interpolation. |
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<DT><B>-q 3</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation. |
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<DT><B>-f</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Interpolate RGB as four colors. Use this if the output shows |
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false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD. |
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<DT><B>-m number_of_passes</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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After interpolation, clean up color artifacts by repeatedly |
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applying a 3x3 median filter to the R-G and B-G channels. |
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</DL> |
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A> |
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<H2>OUTPUT OPTIONS</H2> |
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|
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By default, |
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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writes PGM/PPM/PAM with 8-bit samples, a BT.709 gamma curve, |
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a histogram-based white level, and no metadata. |
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<DL COMPACT> |
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<DT><B>-W</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Use a fixed white level, ignoring the image histogram. |
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<DT><B>-b brightness</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Divide the white level by this number, 1.0 by default. |
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<DT><B>-4</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Write 16-bit linear samples (fixed white level, no gamma). |
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<DT><B>-T</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Write TIFF with metadata instead of PGM/PPM/PAM. |
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<DT><B>-t [0-7,90,180,270]</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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Flip the output image. By default, |
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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applies the flip specified by the camera. |
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<B>-t 0</B> |
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|
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disables all flipping. |
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<DT><B>-j</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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For Fuji Super CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45 degrees. |
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For cameras with non-square pixels, do not stretch the image to |
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its correct aspect ratio. In any case, this option guarantees |
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that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel. |
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<DT><B>-s [0..N-1]</B> or <B>-s all</B> |
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|
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<DD> |
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If a file contains N raw images, choose one or "all" to decode. |
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For example, Fuji Super CCD SR cameras generate a second image |
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underexposed four stops to show detail in the highlights. |
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</DL> |
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<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A> |
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<H2>FILES</H2> |
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|
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<DL COMPACT> |
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<DT>:./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...<DD> |
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List of your camera's dead pixels, so that |
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<B>dcraw</B> |
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|
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can interpolate around them. Each line specifies the column, |
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row, and UNIX time of death for one pixel. For example: |
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<P> |
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<PRE> |
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962 91 1028350000 # died between August 1 and 4, 2002 |
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1285 1067 0 # don't know when this pixel died |
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</PRE> |
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|
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<P> |
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These coordinates are before any cropping or rotation, so use |
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<B>dcraw -j -t 0</B> |
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|
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to locate dead pixels. |
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</DL> |
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<A NAME="lbAK"> </A> |
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2> |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man5/pgm.5.html">pgm</A></B>(5), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man5/ppm.5.html">ppm</A></B>(5), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man5/pam.5.html">pam</A></B>(5), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/pamsumm.1.html">pamsumm</A></B>(1), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/pnmgamma.1.html">pnmgamma</A></B>(1), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/pnmtotiff.1.html">pnmtotiff</A></B>(1), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/pnmtopng.1.html">pnmtopng</A></B>(1), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/gphoto2.1.html">gphoto2</A></B>(1), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/cjpeg.1.html">cjpeg</A></B>(1), |
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|
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<B><A HREF="../man1/djpeg.1.html">djpeg</A></B>(1) |
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|
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<A NAME="lbAL"> </A> |
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<H2>AUTHOR</H2> |
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|
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Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net |
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<P> |
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|
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<HR> |
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<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2> |
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<DL> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD> |
| 394 |
<DT><A HREF="#lbAE">GENERAL OPTIONS</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAF">REPAIR OPTIONS</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAG">COLOR OPTIONS</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAH">INTERPOLATION OPTIONS</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAI">OUTPUT OPTIONS</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAJ">FILES</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAK">SEE ALSO</A><DD> |
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<DT><A HREF="#lbAL">AUTHOR</A><DD> |
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</DL> |
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<HR> |
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This document was created by |
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<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>, |
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using the manual pages.<BR> |
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Time: 22:34:13 GMT, September 15, 2008 |
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</BODY> |
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